Chapter I: Rules governing the practice of the profession

Articles in this section · 23

Article L4221-5

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

Nationals of a Member State of the European Union or of another State party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area are also entitled to practise the profession of pharmacist if they hold the following qualifications

1° Evidence of formal qualifications as a pharmacist issued by a Member State or a State which is a party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area, attesting to training as a pharmacist begun in that State prior to the dates shown in the order referred to in article L. 4221-4 and which does not comply with Community obligations, if it is accompanied by a certificate from one of these States certifying that the holder of the evidence of formal qualifications has effectively and lawfully been engaged in the activities of a pharmacist in that State for at least three consecutive years during the five years prior to the issue of the certificate ;

2° Evidence of formal qualifications as a pharmacist issued by a Member State or a Contracting State, attesting to training as a pharmacist begun in that State prior to the dates shown in the order referred to in article L. 4221-4 and which does not comply with Community obligations, but which allows the profession of pharmacist to be legally practised in the State which issued it, if the pharmacist can prove that, during the previous five years, he or she has performed full-time hospital duties in France as an associate attaché, associate practitioner attaché, associate assistant or university duties as a university associate clinical supervisor or university associate assistant, provided that he or she was also responsible for hospital duties at the same time.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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