Paragraph 2: Subrogated curator and subrogated guardian

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Article 454

French Civil CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

The judge may, if he considers it necessary and subject to the powers of the family council if it has been constituted, appoint a subrogated curator or subrogated guardian.

If the curator or guardian is a relative or ally of the protected person in one branch, the subrogated curator or subrogated guardian is chosen, as far as possible, from the other branch.

Where no family member or close relative can assume the duties of subrogated curator or subrogated tutor, a judicial representative for the protection of adults registered on the list provided for in

article L. 471-2 du code de l'action sociale et des familles

may be appointed.

Under penalty of incurring liability towards the protected person, the subrogated curator or subrogated guardian shall supervise the acts performed by the curator or guardian in this capacity and shall inform the judge without delay if he finds any faults in the performance of his duties.

The subrogated curator or subrogated tutor assists or represents, as the case may be, the protected person when the interests of the latter are in opposition to those of the curator or tutor or when either of them cannot provide assistance or act on his behalf due to the limitations of their mission.

He is informed and consulted by the curator or tutor prior to any serious act performed by the latter.

The office of the subrogated curator or subrogated tutor ceases at the same time as that of the curator or tutor. The subrogated curator or subrogated tutor is, however, obliged to cause the curator or tutor to be replaced if the latter ceases to hold office, on pain of incurring liability to the protected person.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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