Chapter I: General provisions.

Articles in this section · 14

Article L2141-4

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

I. - The two members of the couple or the unmarried woman whose embryos are conserved are consulted each year as to whether they maintain their parental project. If they confirm in writing that they maintain their parental project, the conservation of their embryos is continued.

II. - If they no longer have a parental project, the two members of the couple or the unmarried woman consent in writing to:

1° Their embryos being received by another couple or another woman under the conditions set out in articles L. 2141-5 and L. 2141-6;

2° Their embryos being the subject of research under the conditions set out in article L. 2151-5 or, under the conditions laid down by Title II of Book I of Part One, for cells derived from these embryos to be used in a cell therapy preparation or an advanced therapy medicinal product for exclusively therapeutic purposes;

3° For the storage of their embryos to be terminated.

In all cases, this written consent is confirmed at the end of a three-month reflection period from the date of the first consent referred to in the first paragraph of this II. If the consent is not revoked in writing within this period, this is deemed to be confirmation.

In the case referred to in 2°, the consent of both members of the couple or of the unmarried woman may be revoked as long as there has been no intervention on the embryo as part of the research.

III. - During the annual consultation referred to in I, the two members of the couple must specify whether, in the event of the death of one of them, they consent to one of the options for the future of the embryos kept provided for in 1° or 2° of II.

In the event of the death of one of the members of the couple, the surviving member is consulted, where appropriate, as to whether he/she maintains his/her consent to the options provided for in the same 1° or 2°, after the expiry of a period of one year from the date of death, unless he/she takes the initiative beforehand. If the surviving member revokes his consent, the embryo conservation is terminated.

IV. - In the event that one of the two members of the couple or the unmarried woman, consulted annually on at least two occasions, under conditions specified by decree in the Conseil d'Etat, do not respond as to whether or not they maintain their parental project, embryo storage is terminated if the duration of this is at least equal to five years. The same applies in the event of disagreement between the members of the couple about whether or not to maintain their parental project or what should happen to the embryos. The same applies in the event of written revocation of consent in accordance with the penultimate paragraph of II.

V. - When both members of the couple or the unmarried woman have consented, under the conditions set out in articles L. 2141-5 and L. 2141-6, to the reception of their embryos and these have not been received within five years of the day on which this consent was confirmed, the conservation of these embryos is terminated at the end of this period.

VI. - If both members of the couple or the unmarried woman have consented to their embryos being the subject of research authorised under the conditions set out in Article L. 2151-5 and if these embryos have not been included in a research protocol within a period of five years from the date on which this consent was confirmed, the storage of these embryos is terminated at the end of this period.

VII. - In the event of the death of both members of the couple, of one of its members or of the unmarried woman in the absence of the consents provided for in 1° and 2° of II of this article, the conservation of their embryos is terminated.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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