Section 1: Organisation of the national health data system

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Article R1461-2

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 4 Nov 2023

I.-The national health data system comprises a main database covering the entire population and a set of databases not covering the entire population, known as the "catalogue".

The main database brings together the data mentioned in 1° to 4° of the I of article L. 1461-1, progressively supplemented by the data mentioned in 5° to 11° of the I of this same article. The catalogue databases include data mentioned in 1° to 11° of the I of the aforementioned article. The data from health surveys referred to in 8° of I of the aforementioned article are those governed by the provisions of law no. 51-711 of 7 June 1951 on the obligation, coordination and secrecy of statistics.

An order of the Minister for Health, issued after consultation with the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés, lists the data covered by 1° to 11° of I of Article L. 1461-1 which are included in the main database, sets the terms and conditions for the inclusion of this database and designates the databases included in the catalogue. It is updated according to the availability of data.

II -The following may be created by the Plateforme des données de santé or the Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie from the databases of the national health data system:

1° Anonymous datasets made available to the public under the conditions set out in the first paragraph of Article L. 1461-2 ;

2° Aggregated and semi-aggregated datasets adapted to different types of research, study or evaluation. Semi-aggregated data is individualised for healthcare professionals or institutions and aggregated for care recipients;

3° Samples, comprising all or part of the data relating to the persons from which they are derived.

The list of these datasets and the characteristics of the samples are published on the Plateforme des données de santé website when they are part of the scope of data made available by the Plateforme des données de santé. The Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés is informed of any updates.

III -The Plateforme des données de santé and the Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie shall make data available to the bodies responsible for the processing provided for in 1° and 2° of I of Article L. 1461-3 within a reasonable period of time.

IV - Without prejudice to the provisions of I, the bodies responsible for the data fed into the national health data system may make it available to other data controllers under the conditions set out in Articles L. 1461-1 to L. 1461-6.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

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15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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