Section 1: Organisation of the national health data system

Articles in this section · 10

Article R1461-9

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 4 Nov 2023

I.-In accordance with 2° of Article L. 1462-1, makes the following information available on its website:

1° The identity and contact details of the data controllers of the national health data system as well as information relating to the databases that feed it;

2° The procedures for exercising the rights provided for in II and III of this article;

3° The list and characteristics of projects involving data from the national health data system, in particular those mentioned in Article R. 1461-17 ;

4° The information provided for in II of Article L. 1461-3.

The Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie provides individual information, on paper or electronically, relating to the implementation of the national health data system, enabling the main features of this system to be brought directly to the attention of individuals. It makes this information available on its website, which links to the Plateforme des données de santé website.

The bodies responsible for the databases inform the data subjects that their data is being fed into the national health data system.

II - The rights of access and rectification are exercised under the conditions defined in Articles 15 and 16 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of 27 April 2016.

The right to object, provided for by Article 21 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of 27 April 2016 and Article 74 of Law No. 78-17 of 6 January 1978, applies to data from the processing operations mentioned in 1° of I of Article L. 1461-3. It does not apply:

1° In the context of the creation of the national health data system, to data in the main database mentioned in I of Article R. 1461-2;

2° In the context of making data available, to processing implemented by State services, establishments and organisations listed in Article R. 1461-12 as part of their permanent access.

Where their data comes from databases listed in the catalogue, data subjects may exercise a right to erasure, under the conditions set out in Article 17 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of 27 April 2016.

III -To exercise the rights mentioned in II, the data subject must send their request, providing proof of identity by any means, to the director of the Platform or the director of the compulsory health insurance body to which they are affiliated.

IV - Joint data controllers shall ensure that requests made by data subjects who exercise their rights in accordance with II are dealt with consistently for all data in the national health data system, regardless of which joint data controller makes them available.

They shall set up a circuit in accordance with the provisions of Article R. 1461-7 and in accordance with a procedure guaranteeing that no-one can have both the identity of individuals, in particular their registration number in the National Register for the Identification of Natural Persons, and the pseudonym provided for in I of the same article.

Within the strict limits of what is necessary for the exercise of the rights mentioned in II and in accordance with appropriate technical and organisational protection measures, the Health Data Platform or its processor is authorised to process appropriate and relevant personal data, including the registration number of individuals in the National Register for the Identification of Natural Persons. These provisions are without prejudice to the powers of the Caisse nationale de l'assurance maladie to ensure the pseudonymisation of the data of the person concerned.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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