Subsection 1: Cross-border mergers

Articles in this section · 15

Article R236-24

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 6 Nov 2023

I.-The report of the management, executive or administrative body drawn up pursuant to the first paragraph of Article L. 236-36 by each company participating in the merger shall explain and justify the draft terms of cross-border merger in detail, in terms of its legal and economic aspects, and the consequences of the draft terms of merger for members, for employees and for the future business of the company.


The report shall include a section for members and a section for employees. It includes a section for shareholders and a section for employees. The company may decide to draw up a single report containing these two sections or two separate reports for members and employees respectively.


II. II - The section of the report intended for members explains, in particular:


1° The share exchange ratio and the valuation methods used, which must be consistent for the companies concerned;


>The share buyback offer to shareholders 2° The buyback offer made to members in accordance with Article L. 236-40 and the method used to determine it;


>The rights and remedies available to members in accordance with Article L. 236-40 3° The rights and remedies available to members, in accordance with Articles L. 236-40 and L. 236-41;


The section of the report addressed to the members is not compulsory where all the members of the company have agreed to waive this requirement;


Single-member companies are not required to submit a report to the members. Single-member companies are not subject to the obligation set out in this II.


III. III.-The section of the report intended for employees explains, in particular:


1° The implications of the merger for employment relations and, where appropriate, the measures to be taken to preserve those relations;


>
2° Any significant changes in the applicable terms and conditions of employment or in the location of the company;



3° The manner in which the factors set out in 1° and 2° affect the company's subsidiaries;


The section of the report intended for employees is not compulsory if the company and any of its subsidiaries have no employees other than those belonging to the administrative or management body.


IV. IV - The report or reports drawn up pursuant to this Article, together with the draft terms of merger, shall be made available to members and to the employee representatives or employees by electronic means at least six weeks before the date of the general meeting called to decide on the draft terms of cross-border merger. However, where approval of the merger by the Extraordinary General Meeting of the acquiring company is not required in accordance with II of Article L. 236-9, the report(s) referred to in I of this Article shall be made available, in accordance with the procedures set out in the previous paragraph, at least six weeks before the date of the General Meeting of the other merging company or companies.


Where the report(s) referred to in I of this Article are made available, in accordance with the procedures set out in the previous paragraph, at least six weeks before the date of the General Meeting of the other merging company or companies. When it is sent at least six weeks before the general meeting referred to in the first paragraph, the opinion of the social and economic committee or, in its absence, of the employee delegates is appended to the report.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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