Section 1: Declarations of birth.

Articles in this section · 6

Article 57

French Civil CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

The birth record will state the day, time and place of birth, the child's sex, the forenames to be given to him or her, the family name, followed, where applicable, by a mention of the parents' joint declaration as to the choice made, as well as the forenames, surnames, ages, occupations and residences of the father and mother and, where applicable, those of the declarant. If the child's father and mother, or one of them, are not designated to the civil registrar, no mention of this will be made in the registers.

If it is medically impossible to determine the child's sex on the day the record is drawn up, the public prosecutor may authorise the civil registrar not to include the sex immediately on the birth record. The medically confirmed sex is recorded at the request of the child's legal representatives or the public prosecutor within a period of no more than three months from the date of the birth declaration. The public prosecutor orders that the sex be entered in the margin of the birth certificate and, at the request of the legal representatives, that one or more of the child's forenames be rectified.

The child's forenames are chosen by its father and mother. The woman who asked for her identity to be kept secret during childbirth may make known the forenames she wishes the child to have. Failing this, or if the child's parents are not known, the civil registrar will choose three first names, the last of which will take the place of the child's surname. The civil registrar immediately enters the chosen forenames in the birth certificate. Any forename entered in the birth record may be chosen as the usual forename.

When these forenames or one of them, alone or in combination with the other forenames or the surname, appear to the civil registrar to be contrary to the child's interests or to the right of third parties to have their surname protected, the civil registrar immediately notifies the public prosecutor. The latter may refer the matter to the family court.

If the court considers that the forename is not in the child's best interests or does not respect the right of third parties to have their surname protected, it will order it to be deleted from the civil status registers. Where appropriate, the court will give the child another forename, which it will determine itself if the parents fail to make a new choice that is in accordance with the aforementioned interests. A note of the decision is made in the margin of the child's civil status records.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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