Subsection 1: Capital increases.

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Article L225-134

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

I.-If irreducible subscriptions and, where applicable, reducible subscriptions have not absorbed the entire capital increase:

1° The amount of the capital increase may be limited to the amount of subscriptions unless the General Meeting decides otherwise. In no case may the amount of the capital increase be less than three quarters of the increase decided upon;

2° Unsubscribed shares may be freely distributed in whole or in part, unless the General Meeting has decided otherwise;

3° Unsubscribed shares may be offered to the public in whole or in part where the General Meeting has expressly allowed this possibility. This authorisation is not required for the public offers referred to in 1° or 2° of Article L. 411-2 of the Monetary and Financial Code or article L. 411-2-1 of the same code.

II.-The Board of Directors or the Management Board may use the options provided for above, or some of them only, in the order it determines. The capital increase is not completed if, after the exercise of these options, the amount of subscriptions received does not reach the entire capital increase or three quarters of this increase in the case provided for in 1° of I.

III.- However, the Board of Directors or the Management Board may, automatically and in any case, limit the capital increase to the amount reached when the unsubscribed shares represent less than 3% of the capital increase. Any decision to the contrary shall be deemed unwritten.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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