Subsection 1: Capital increases.

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Article L225-138-1

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

For the application of article L. 3332-18 of the French Labour Code relating to capital increases reserved for members of a company savings plan, where the general meeting has waived preferential subscription rights in favour of employees of the company or of companies affiliated to it within the meaning of article L. 225-180, the provisions of I and II of article L. 225-138 shall apply and:

1° The subscription price remains determined under the conditions defined in Article L. 443-5 of the Labour Code;

2° The capital increase is only carried out up to the amount of equity securities subscribed by employees individually or through a mutual fund or securities issued by open-ended investment companies governed by Article L. 214-166 of the Monetary and Financial Code. It does not give rise to the formalities provided for in articles L. 225-142, L. 225-144 et L. 225-146 ;

3° (deleted)

4° The period that subscribers may be granted to pay up their shares may not exceed three years ;

5° Equity securities or securities giving access to the capital may be paid up, at the request of the company or the subscriber, either by periodic payments or by equal and regular deductions from the subscriber's salary;

6° Equity securities or securities giving access to the capital thus subscribed issued before the expiry of the five-year period provided for in Article L. 443-6 of the Labour Code may only be traded once they have been fully paid up;

7° Equity securities or securities giving access to the capital reserved for members of the savings plans referred to in Article L. 443-1 of the Labour Code may, notwithstanding the provisions of the first paragraph of Article L. 225-131 of this Code, be issued even if the share capital has not been fully paid up.

The fact that the securities referred to in the previous paragraph have not been fully paid up shall not prevent the issue of equity securities to be paid up in cash.

Participants in the company savings plan provided for in article L. 443-1 of the French Labour Code may obtain the cancellation or reduction of their commitment to subscribe for or hold equity securities or securities giving access to the capital issued by the company in the cases and conditions set by the decrees of the Conseil d'Etat provided for in article L. 442-7 of the same code.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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