Subsection 1: Capital increases.

Articles in this section · 32

Article L225-138

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

I.-The General Meeting which decides on a capital increase may reserve it for one or more named persons or categories of persons meeting specific characteristics. To this end, it may cancel preferential subscription rights. The persons named as beneficiaries of this provision may not take part in the vote. The quorum and majority required are calculated after deduction of the shares they own. The procedure provided for in articles L. 225-147 and L. 22-10-53 is not applicable.

When the Extraordinary General Meeting waives pre-emptive subscription rights in favour of one or more categories of persons meeting the characteristics it determines, it may delegate to the Board of Directors or the Management Board the task of drawing up the list of beneficiaries within this or these category(ies) and the number of shares to be allocated to each of them, within the limits of the ceilings provided for in the first paragraph of Article L. 225-129-2. When it makes use of this delegation, the Board of Directors or the Management Board shall draw up a supplementary report to the next Ordinary General Meeting, certified by the statutory auditor, if any, describing the final terms of the transaction.

II.-The issue price or the conditions for setting this price shall be determined by the Extraordinary General Meeting on the basis of a report by the Board of Directors or the Management Board and a special report by the company's statutory auditor or, if none has been appointed, by a statutory auditor appointed for this purpose in accordance with the procedures set out in Articles L. 225-228 and L. 22-10-66.

III.-The issue must be completed within eighteen months of the General Meeting that approved it or the delegation of powers provided for in Article L. 225-129.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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