Subsection 1: General provisions applicable to companies established in France

Articles in this section · 16

Article R123-1

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 6 Nov 2023

I.-The single body mentioned in article L. 123-33 enables companies to carry out all the formalities and procedures required to access and carry out their business.


To this end, it receives the single file provided for in article L. 123-33. This file includes:


1° The declarations relating to their creation, changes in their situation or the cessation of their activity, including information relating to the beneficial owner pursuant to Article L. 561-46 of the Monetary and Financial Code, which the undertakings are required to submit to the administrations, persons or bodies referred to in Article L. 123-32, the list of which is established by the order provided for in Article R. 123-16;



2° Applications for authorisations required for their activity that companies are required to submit to the authorities responsible for issuing these authorisations, unless the declarant wishes to submit these applications directly to the competent authorities. Entries, either automatically or at the request of legally or judicially authorised third parties, relating to the creation, changes in the situation or cessation of activity, including those occurring during safeguard procedures or receivership or compulsory liquidation procedures, are made by the recipient bodies after they have forwarded the file to the single body, with the exception of commercial court registrars who make the entries at the same time as the file is forwarded.


Where a specific provision so provides, the single body is responsible for making the entries. Where a specific provision so provides, applications for registration are submitted to the single body by legally or judicially authorised third parties.


II. II - The single body will forward the information or documents in the file to each of the recipient bodies and, where applicable and according to their competence, to each of the authorities empowered to issue authorisations.


Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Article L. 711-3, the single body and the recipient bodies are prohibited from communicating the information contained in the declarations to third parties.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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