Subsection 1: General provisions applicable to companies established in France

Articles in this section · 16

Article R123-2

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 6 Nov 2023

I.-The single body implements an IT service, known as the single electronic window for business formalities, accessible via the Internet, secure and free of charge, which enables the declarant, according to his choice:


1° Draw up a single file in accordance with the conditions set out in article R. 123-3;


2° Forwarding the single file to the recipient bodies and the competent authorities, provided that it contains all the information specified in article R. 123-4;



3° In the event of an additional request being made by a recipient body or a competent authority, to forward the additional information required to examine the file;


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4° To pay, where applicable, the costs associated with these formalities;


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5° Receive information on the follow-up and foreseeable timeframe for the processing of their file by the recipient bodies and competent authorities, from receipt of the file to the decisions made or services provided;

6° Receive, for formalities relating to the modification or cessation of the company's activities, information concerning the company, as made available to the public by the National Register of Companies in application of article L. 123-52.


II.-The IT service enables the applicant to access the information provided by the National Register of Companies. II - The IT service allows registrants to access the following information, according to their choice:



1° Concerning the recognition of professional qualifications:


> a) The list of all the professions to which the declarant has access. a) A list of all the regulated professions in France, with details of the competent authorities for each of them and the assistance centres;


> b) A list of the regulated professions in France, with details of the competent authorities for each of them and the assistance centres b) The list of regulated professions for which a European professional card, referred to in Article 1 of Order No 2016-1809 of 22 December 2016 on the recognition of professional qualifications of regulated professions, is implemented, with an indication of the procedures for issuing and using the card, the authorities responsible for issuing it and the resulting costs to be borne by professionals;


>The list of regulated professions in France for which a European professional card, referred to in Article 1 of Order No 2016-1809 of 22 December 2016 on the recognition of professional qualifications of regulated professions, is implemented, with an indication of the procedures for issuing and using the card, the authorities responsible for issuing it and the resulting costs to be borne by professionals;


c) The list of regulated professions for which the competent French authorities verify the professional qualifications of the service provider prior to the first provision of services;


> d) The list of regulated training courses for which the competent French authorities verify the professional qualifications of the service provider prior to the first provision of services. d) The list of regulated training courses in France;


e) The requirements and procedures required in the Member State in which the training is provided. e) The requirements and procedures required in France for the exercise of regulated professions, in particular the documents to be submitted to the competent authorities and the fees to be paid;


> f) Information and guidance on how to exercise regulated professions in France, in particular the documents to be submitted to the competent authorities and the fees to be paid f) Information and referral to the assistance centres covered by Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications, including the assistance centres of the other Member States of the European Union or of the European Economic Area; this information is also available to nationals of non-EU countries in accordance with Article 57b of the same Directive;


> g) Means of appeal against decisions taken by the competent authorities of the Member States of the European Union or of the European Economic Area. g) the means of appealing against decisions by the competent authorities on the recognition of professional qualifications;


2° Concerning the taking-up and pursuit of service activities:


a) The requirements applicable to service providers who have taken up or pursued a service activity in another Member State a) the requirements applicable to service providers established in the national territory, in particular those concerning the procedures and formalities to be followed in order to access and exercise service activities;


b) the contact details of the competent authorities in the Member State in which the service provider is established. b) The contact details of the competent authorities, enabling direct contact to be made with them;


> c) The conditions for access to the services provided by the competent authorities. c) the conditions for access to public registers and databases relating to providers and services;


d) the means of redress available in the event of a dispute with the competent authorities d) the means of redress available in the event of a dispute between the competent authorities and the provider or recipient of services, or between a provider and a recipient of services, or between providers;


e) the contact details of associations or organisations which provide services in the Member States. (e) the contact details of associations or organisations, other than the competent authorities, from which providers or recipients may obtain practical assistance;


(f) the help and assistance provided by the competent authorities to providers or recipients of services. g) A list of organisations providing information on the details and challenges of the life of a company, and the procedures for accessing this information. 3° With regard to company formation formalities:


a) The rules governing the formation of companies a) The rules relating to the formation of companies, in particular the obligations relating to the use of models and other instruments of incorporation, the identification of persons, the languages used and the fees applicable;


> b) The rules relating to the registration of companies, in particular the obligations relating to the use of models and other instruments of incorporation, the identification of persons, the languages used and the fees applicable b) The rules relating to the registration of branches, as well as the requirements relating to registration documents, the identification of persons and the languages used;


c) A brief description of the rules relating to the appointment to the administrative, management or supervisory bodies of a company, as well as the rules relating to the removal of directors and the authorities or bodies competent to retain information on removed directors;


d) A brief description of the rules relating to the appointment to the administrative, management or supervisory bodies of a company, as well as the rules relating to the removal of directors and the authorities or bodies competent to retain information on removed directors d) a brief description of the powers and responsibilities of the administrative, management and supervisory bodies of a company, including the authority having the power to bind the company in relation to third parties.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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